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In Buddhism, symbolic offerings are made to the Triple Gem, giving rise to contemplative gratitude and inspiration.〔See, for instance, Harvey (1990), pp. 172-3.〕 Typical material offerings involve simple objects such as a lit candle or oil lamp,〔Indaratana (2002), pp. iv, v; Kapleau (1989), p. 193; Khantipalo (1982); Lee & Thanissaro (1998).〕 burning incense,〔Indaratana (2002), pp. 11-12.〕 flowers,〔See, for instance, Indaratana (2002), pp. 11-12. Harvey (1990), p. 173, and Kariyawasam (1995), chapter 1, both maintain that flowers are the most common form of offering.〕 food, fruit, water or drinks.〔Kapleau (1989), p. 193; Khantipalo (1982); and, Harvey (1990), p. 175, particularly in regards to Northern Buddhism.〕 Contemporary Western practitioners often find the making of offerings to be occasions for gracious mindfulness.〔Such an appreciation might be experienced, for instance, by those practicing in the style of Thich Nhat Hanh.〕 Within the traditional Buddhist framework of karma and rebirth, offerings also lead to: : * a better rebirth in the cycle of birth and death (Pali: ''vattagamini-kusala'') : * progress towards release from suffering (Pali: ''vivattagamini-kusala'').〔Lee & Thanissaro (1998). See also Harvey (1990), p. 173, who in discussing "offerings" states: "Such acts consequently generate 'merit'."〕 These offerings often act as preparation for meditation.〔See, for instance, Indaratana (2002), p. v; Kapleau (1989), pp. 191''ff''.; and Khantipalo (1982).〕 ==Theravada practices== Material offerings nurture generosity (Pali:''dāna'') and virtue (Pali: ''sīla'').〔See, for instance, Lee & Thanissaro (1998).〕 The act further honors the Triple Gem (the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha), deepening one's commitment to the Buddha's path. For instance, traditional chants (in English and Pali) when offering lit candles (''padīpa pūjā'') and incense (''sugandha pūjā'') to an image of the Buddha are: Similarly, a traditional Pali incense-lighting verse speaks of the Buddha's "fragrant body and fragrant face, fragrant with infinite virtues."〔Harvey (1990), p. 175.〕 By contemplating on an offering, one tangibly sees life's impermanence (Pali: ''anicca''), one of the three characteristics of all things upon which the Buddha encouraged his disciplines to recollect. For instance, the end of a traditional chant (in English and Pali) when offering flowers (''puppha pūjā'') to an image of the Buddha is: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Offering (Buddhism)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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